Impact of the borer on the seed production of the forage legume Centrosema pubescens Benth
Abstract
The genus Centrosema corresponds to a group of legumes native to Central and South America, which includes species with the potential to adapt to: diverse habitats, soils with drainage problems or predisposed to seasonal floods, as well as acidic soils with low fertility. Centrosema pubescens Benth, is the species of this genus with the greatest use as a forage plant; Its potential in terms of dry matter yield, protein content, in vitro digestibility, average concentrations of macro and microelements, are adequate to complement the requirements in bovines (Rodríguez et al., 2003; Photo 1).
This species is very prolific regarding the production of seeds, which takes place during the dry season, which facilitates its harvest and drying. The pods are elongated and pointed, 10 to 16 centimeters long, containing between 10 and 20 greenish-brown seeds, mottled to dark brown, 4.2 centimeters long and 3 centimeters wide. In this regard, seed yields up to 0.67 t / ha in monoculture have been quantified and between 0.76 - 1.1 t / ha when associated with species that serve as support, for example cereals, confirming that this practice Crop association contributes to increasing the production of herbaceous legume seeds in small cultivation areas (Gómez et al., 2009; Photo 2).
Observations made on C. pubescens plants, during the productive periods December - March (dry season) in the years 2015 and 2016, in 3 communities of the Yaracuy state where the species was obtained in the wild, and a locality where it was cultivated, allowed show certain damages produced both in the pods and in the seeds, which did not alter their production any more than their final quality. To investigate the nature of the damage found, samples of mature pods were taken in these plants, before dehiscence, which were rigorously reviewed in the laboratory. An insect belonging to the Coleoptera order was found as the main responsible for the observed damage.
References
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Fernández-Andrés, M.D., J.A. Rangel-Lucio, J.M. Juárez-Goiz, R. Bujanos-Muñíz, S. Montes-Hernández y M. Mendoza-Elos. 2009. Oleorresina de jícama para controlar Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleóptera:Bruchidae) en semilla de frijol. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 20(1): 59-69 pp.
Funes, F., S. Yáñez y T. Zambrano. 1998. Semillas de pastos y forrajes tropicales. Métodos prácticos para su producción sostenible. Asociación Cubana de Producción Animal (ACPA). La Habana, Cuba. 138 p.
Gómez, I., Y. Olivera, J.L. Fernández y A. Botello. 2009. Establecimiento y producción de semillas de Centrosema híbrido CIAT – 438 (Centrosema pubescens), solas y asociadas con cultivos temporales en suelo vertisol. Revista Cubana de Ciencia Agrícola, 43(3): 291-295 pp.
Karabörklü, S., A. Ayvaz and S.Yilmaz. 2010. Bioactivities of different essential oils against the adults of two stored product insects. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 42: 679-686 pp.
Nava-Pérez, E., P. Gastélum, J.R. Camacho, B. Valdez, C.R. Bernal y R. Herrera. 2010. Utilización de extractos de plantas para el control de gorgojo pardo Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) en frijol almacenado.Ra Ximhai, 6(1): 37-43 pp.
Procópio, S., J.D. Vendramim, J.I. Ribeiro y J. Barbosa. 2003. Efeito de pós vegetais sobre Acanthoscelides obtetus (Say.) e Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae). Rev. Ceres, 50(289): 395-405 pp.
Rincón, E. y A. Higuera. 1992. Incidencia del coquito perforador Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. (Coleóptera:Bruchidae) en nueve variedades de quinchoncho (Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill. sp.) evaluadas en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. Revista Facultad de Agronomía. (LUZ), 9:187-197 pp.
Rodríguez, I., A. Flores y R. Schultze-Kraft. 2003. Potencial agronómico de Centrosema pubescens en condiciones de sabana bien drenada del estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Zootecnia Tropical., 21(2):197-217 pp.
Romano, C.M., A. Móras, M. de Oliveira, J.M. Pereira, M.A. Gularte and M.C. Elias. 2006. Control of Acanthoscelides obtectus in black beans with diatomaceous earth. 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil. 877-882 pp.
Schmale, I., F.L. Wackers, C., Cardona and S. Dorn. 2002. Field infestation of Phaseolus vulgaris by Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), parasitoid abundance, and consequences for storage pest control. Environmental Entomology 31: 859-863 pp. Schmale, I., F.L. Wackers, C., Cardona and S. Dorn. 2006.
Biological control of the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Col.: Bruchidae), by the native parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) on small-scale farms in Colombia. Journalof Stored Products Research, 42(1): 31-41 pp.
Săpunaru, T., C. Filipescu, T. Georgescu and Y.C. Bild. 006. Bioecology and control of bean weevil
(Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 39(2): 5-12 pp.
Tejeda-Tribiño, P. 2011. Efecto de polvos de hojas de canelo (Drimys winteri J. R. et G. Forster) sobre Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Tésis para optar al título de Ing. Agrónomo. Universidad Austral de Chile, FCA. Valdivia, Chile. 42 p.
