Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid isolates and their response to water deficit
Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a phytopathogenic fungus with wide morphological, genetic, pathogenic and physiological variability. This versatility is increased due to its adaptability to different host species and stressful environmental conditions, such as water deficiency and high temperatures. The objective of this work was to characterize M. phaseolina isolates, from the genetic and pathogenic point of view, as well as their response to water deficit. Intermicrosatelite markers (ISSR) were used for the genetic characterization of the isolates. To determine the pathogenicity, 30 isolates were inoculated on cotyledonal leaves of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Tacarigua. The response to water deficit was carried out at different concentrations NaCl in vitro on the growth of the mycelium of M. phaseolina. The linear correlation test was applied between Mantel matrices to identify the degree of association between the analyzed factors. The fungus exhibited high polymorphism, which indicates genetic diversity among the isolates from black bean from different geographical areas. In the pathogenic characterization, the differentiation of expressions of the infection in cotyledonal black bean leaves was evidenced. Also, there was an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of the isolates based on the osmotic potential (Ψo), due to the presence of NaCl. The genetic diversity was not related to pathogenicity, nor to the response to water deficit conditions, that is, they behaved independently
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