Genetic gain for grain yield and plant traits in SA7 maize population
Abstract
The genetic advance refers to the observed alterations in characteristics of interest occurred through the selection cycles. To determine the genetic progress in the SA7 population of maize (Zea mays L.) submitted to five selection cycles among and within half-sib families, the selection cycles C1, C2, C3 and C5, four experimental varieties and one local control were planted in two localities of Guárico state, Venezuela, using the complete randomized blocks design with four replications. The genetic advance per selection cycle was estimated based on the linear regression coefficient (bi) of the phenotypic means and the number of selection cycles, expressing this ratio as a percentage of the average behavior of the first cycle. The variables evaluated were: grain yield (GY), days to anthesis (DA) and days to silking (SE), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and total plant lodging (TPL). The combined analysis of variance detected no significant differences between environments and among genotypes for all characters evaluated, excluding the DA in the first case and TPL in the second, while the genotypes by environments interaction were significant only for PH. The values of bi were significant for GY, PH, EH, and TPL, with an increase in the selection together from the first to the fifth cycle of 5.83 % for GY, and a decrease of 1.36 %, 2.64 % and 4.92 % for PH, EH, and TPL, respectively.
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