Effect of Fusarium sp. in the germination, fenology and survival of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seedlings
Abstract
Seeds of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, is infected by diverse fungi, and Fusarium sp. highlight amongst them. In this study, the effect of this fungus on germination, fenology and seedling survival emerged from seeds of L. leucocephala colonized, was evaluated. The material was collected and taken to the laboratory, was processed and the fungus was identified as Fusarium sp. Seed samples were distributed in two treatments: healthy seeds (T1) and colonized seeds (T2), planted in germination trays under a completely randomized design with five replications. Germination was evaluated daily, and the number of leaves (NL), number of nodes (NN), primary branches (PR), seedling height (SH) and the absolute rate of growth (ARG) weekly. We also evaluated the survival of emerged seedlings. Highly significant differences were observed for germination between treatments, with a greater healthy percentage of seeds germinated (80%) in relation to the colonized by the fungus (46.6%). Phenology differences were found between T1 and T2 in NN (3.0 and 2.6), RP (2.7 and 2.4) and SH (11.10 and 10.66), respectively. The ARG for RP and NN presented a slow-growing during the evaluation period. It was also noted seedling mortality in T2 associated with the symptoms of the pathogen. We conclude that Fusarium sp. has a negative effect by reducing more than 50% germination of L. leucocephala seeds colonized and slow growth of emerged seedlings.
Downloads
References
• Arguedas M., M. Jiménez y C. Millar. 1999. Microorganismos asociados a semillas de especies forestales en Costa Rica. In: Salazar R. (Ed.). Segundo Simposio sobre Avances en la Producción de Semillas Forestales en América Latina. Sto. Domingo, República Dominicana. 18 al 22 Octubre, 1999. CATIE.
• Arriojas, L. I. 1986. Leucaena leucocephala como planta forrajera. In: Rodríguez I. 2002. Leucaena leucocephala, uso y bondades. Talleres de Universo Gráfico C. P. Valera – Venezuela. 61 p.
• Carrillo, L. 2003. Los hongos de los alimentos y forrajes. Ediciones Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. ISBN 987-9381-19-X. 128 p.
• Chagas, D. y D. P. Oliveira. 1983. Fungos asociados a sementes de gramineas e leguminosas forrageiras. Fitopatología Brasileira 8(1):131-135.
• Chaluat, M. M. y S. Perris. 1994. Hongos patógenos en semillas de especies forrajeras tropicales. Pasturas Tropicales. 16(1):41-43.
• Christensen, C. M. 1987. Field and storage fungi. In: Carrillo L. 2003. Los hongos de los alimentos y forrajes. Ediciones Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. ISBN 987-9381-19-X. 128 p.
• Guevara, E. y O. Guenni. 2004. Acumulación de biomasa y patrón de crecimiento en Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., durante la fase de establecimiento. II. Estructura y patrón de crecimiento aéreo. Zootecnia Trop. 22(3):231-240.
• Holdridge, L. R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center. San José, Costa Rica.
• Lezcano, J. C. 2005. Micoflora asociada a semillas almacenadas de Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú. Revista de Protección Vegetal 20(2):140. (Resumen).
• Moreno, J., C. G. Torres y J. M. Lenné. 1988. Reconocimiento y evaluación de enfermedades de Leucaena en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Pasturas Tropicales. 9(3):30-35.
• Razz, R. y T. Clavero. 1996. Métodos de escarificación de semillas de Humboldtiella ferruginea y Leucaena leucocephala. Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 13(1):73-77.
• Sánchez, A., O. Miquilena y R. Flores. 2003. Comportamiento de Leucaena leucocephala durante el establecimiento regada por goteo artesanal en ambiente semiárido. Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 20(3):352-363.
• Sánchez-Paz, Y. y M. Ramírez-Villalobos. 2006. Tratamientos pregerminativos en semillas de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. y Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Rev. Fac. Agron. (LUZ) 23(3):257-272.
Copyright (c) 2010 José A. Borges, July Urdaneta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
