Natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes present in soils of seven Venezuelan States
Keywords:
biologic control, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes are found in the soil and are parasites of insects, which in symbiosis with a bacterium can cause their death. They are used as biological control agents for pest insects. In the search for native entomopathogenic nematodes, a survey was carried out in the states of Amazonas, Aragua, Mérida, Miranda, Sucre, Táchira, and Yaracuy, in Venezuela. 218 soil samples were processed according to the methodology described by Bedding and Akhurst (1975). 21 entomopathogenic nematode were obtained, with a Recovery Frequency of 9.63 % and an Abundance Index of 0.67. Of these, 20 belong to the genus Heterorhabditis Poinar and one to Steirnernema Travassos. With the analysis of descriptive statistics, the percentage of entomopathogenic nematodes according to gender and type of soil was determined, finding: Heterorhabditis indica (9.52 %); Heterorhabditis amazonensis (23.80 %); Heterorhabditis spp. (61.90 %) and Steinernema sp. (4.76 %). 86 % of the EPN were obtained from cultivated soils. In the places where EPN presence was positive, 57.14 % correspond to both sandy and sandy loam soils. With the Independence Chi-square test (χ²) (Siegel and Catellan, 2009) was determined that there is a statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the recovery frequency and the type of soil, as well as between the recovery frequency and altitude. The sandy loam soil and the altitude 0 – 300 m above sea level were the significant characteristics in the detection of nematodes.
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References
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• Rosales, LC; Suárez H, Z. 1998. Evaluación de nematodos entomopatógenos como posibles agentes de control biológico contra Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Revista de Entomología Venezolana 13:122-140.
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• San-Blas, E; Morales-Montero, P; Portillo, E; Nermut, J; Puza, W. 2016. Steinernema goweni n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Zulia State, Venezuela. Zootaxa 4067 (2):200–214
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• Sharmila, R; Shanmuga P, R; Subramanian, S; Poornima, K; Pandiyan, M. 2018. Review on ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 64:1086-1093.
• Valadas, V; Laranjo, M; Mota, M; Oliveira, S. 2014. A survey of entomopathogenic nematode species in continental Portugal. Journal of Helminthology 88(3):327-41.
• Woodring, JL; Kaya, HK. 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: A hand- book of biology and techniques. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayettesville, AR. 123 p.
• Yan, X; Waweru, B; Qiu, X; Hategekimana, A; Kajuga, J; Li, H; Edgington, S; Umulisa, C; Han, R; Toepfer, S. 2016. New entomopatho- genic nematodes from semi-natural and small- holder farming habitats of Rwanda, Biocontrol Science and Technology. 26(6):820-834.
• Zadji, L; Hugues, B; Baimey, L; Afouda, L; Houssou, FG; Waeyenberge, L; de Sutter, N; Moens, M; Decraemer, W. 2013. First record on the distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Southern Benin. Russian Journal of Nematology 21(2):117-130.
• Zepeda- Jazo, I; Molina- Ochoa, J; Lezama- Gutierrez, R; Skoda, S. 2014. Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes from the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Colima, México. International Journal of Tropical Insects Science 3 4:53-57.
• Aguilera, M; A zocar, A; González, E. 2003. Venezuela un país megadiverso. En: Biodiversidad en Venezuela. Tomo II. Editado por Fundación Polar. p:61-81
• Argotti, E; Gallegos, P; Alcázar, J; Kaya, H. 2010. Patogenicidad de nematodos entomopatógenos del género Steinernema y Heterorhabditis sobre larvas de Tecia solanivora en Ecuador. Boletín Técnico 9. Serie Zoológica 6:162-17.
• Bedding, RA; Akhurst, RJ.1975. A simple technique for the detection of insect parasitic rhabditid nematodes in soil. Nematologica 21:109-110.
• Cagnolo, S; Carranza, F; Trimarchi, L; Bertolotti, M. 2016. New findings of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema rarum (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) in Córdoba, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Cienciencias Naturales, n.s. 18(2):191-199
• Campos- Herrera, R; Escuera, M; Labrador, S. Robertson, L; Barrios, L; Gutiérrez, C. 2007. Distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes from La Rioja (Northern Spain). Journal of invertebrate Pathology 95 (2): 125-139.
• Campos-Herrera, R; El Borai, F; Rodríguez, J; Duncan, L. 2016. Entomopathogenic nematode food web assemblages in Florida natural areas. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 93:105–114.
• Devi, G; Mishra, H; Brattacharyya, B; Nath, DJ. 2016. Ocurrence of entomopathogenic nematode (Rhabditida: Heterorhabtidae, Sterinernematidae) in whitegrubs infested areas of Majuli, Assam. Indian Journal of Biopesticides 9(2):148 -156.
• Dutky, SR; Thompson, JV; Cantwell, GE. 1964. A technique for the mass propagation of the DD-136 nematode. Journal of Insect Pathology 6:417-422.
• Edgington, S; Buddie, A; Moore, D; France, A; Merino, L; Tymo, L; Hunt, DJ. 2010. Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Chile. Nematology 12:915-928.
• Fan, X; Maggiorani, A; Gudiño, S. 2000. Uso de nematodos entomopatógenos como una alternativa en el control de la polilla (Tecia solanivora), importante plaga de la papa (Solanum tuberosum). Mérida. Venezuela. Revista Forestal Venezolana 44(1):115-118
• Giayetto, A; Cichón, L. 2006. Distribución, gama de huéspedes y especificidad de cinco poblaciones de Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) del Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias 35:163-183.
• Gilabert de B, J; López de R, Y; Pérez de R, Y.1990. Manual de métodos y procedimientos de referencia. Análisis de suelos para diagnóstico de fertilidad. Fonaiap- Ceniap. Serie D. N°28. 164 p.
• Jaffuel, G; Blanco-Pérez, R; Hugc, AS; Chiribogaa, X; Meulic, RG; Mascherd, F; Turlingsa, T; Campos-Herrera, R. 2018. The evaluation of entomopathogenic nematode soil food web assemblages across Switzerland reveals major differences among agricultural, grassland and forest ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 262: 48–57.
• Liu, J; Berry, RE. 1995. Natural distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Oregon soils. Environmental Entomology 24:159-216.
• López-Nuñez, JC; Cano, L; Gongora, C; Stock, SP. 2007. Diversity and evolutionary relationship of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from the Central Andean region of Colombia. Nematology 9: 333 – 341.
• Melo, EL; Ortega, CA; Susurluk, A; Gaigl, A; Bellotti, A. 2009. Poblaciones nativas de nematodos entomopatógenos (Rhabditida) en cuatro departamentos de Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomología 35:28-33.
• Miranda-Contreras, I; Gómez-Pérez, R; Rojas, G; Cruz, I; Berrueta, L; Salmen, S; Colmenares, M; Barreto, S; Balza, A; Zavala, L; Yasmin, Y; Osuna, J. 2013. Occupational Exposure to Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides Affects Sperm Chromatin Integrity and Reproductive Hormone Levels among Venezuelan Farm Workers. Journal of Occupacional Health 55: 195–203.
• Montores-Ramírez, J; Cortés-Madrigal, H; Zepeda-Jazo, I. 2016. Presencia de nematodos entomopatógenos Steinernema Travassos, 1927 y Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976, en la Ciénaga de Chapala, Michoacán, México. Entomología mexicana 3:262-268.
• Myers, RY; Sipes, BS; Matsumoto, TK; Mello, CL; Mello, JS. 2015. Occurrence and distribution of Heterorhabditid populations in the Hawaiian Islands. Nematropica 45:198-207.
• Patibanda, AK; Ranganathswamy, M. 2018. Effect of Agrichemicals on Biocontrol Agents of Plant Disease Control. In: Microorganisms for Sustainability. Volume 2: Microbes for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem. Panpatte, DG; Jhala, YK; Shelat, HN; Rajababu, V. (Editors). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. p:1- 21.
• Peteira, B; Rodríguez, MG; Rosales, LC; Maselli, A; Casado, R; Castro, L; Salazar, E; Enrique, R; Miranda, I. 2014. Variabilidad molecular de aislamientos venezolanos de nematodos entomopatógenos y sus bacterias simbiontes. Revista Protección Vegetal 29 (2):112-121.
• Poinar, GO. 1990. Biology and taxonomy of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. in R. Gaugler and H. K. Kaya, eds. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p: 23–62.
• Rodríguez, MF; Cortéz, A; Nuñez, MC; Ovalles, F; Rey, JC. 2006. Distribución espacial de las redes meteorológicas en Venezuela. INIA Divulga 8:23-30.
• Rosales, LC; Rodríguez, MG; Enrique, R; Puente, L; García, J. 2009. Cría masiva de nema- todos entomopatógenos para el control de plagas. INIA Divulga 12:19–22.
• Rosales, LC; Suárez H, Z. 1998. Evaluación de nematodos entomopatógenos como posibles agentes de control biológico contra Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Revista de Entomología Venezolana 13:122-140.
• San - Blas, E; Rosales C; Torres, Á . 2015a. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Tropical Agriculture: Current Uses and Their Future in Venezuela. In: Campos-Herrera R. (eds) Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests. Ecology and applied technologies for Sustainable in Plant and Crop Protection. Springer, Cham. p: 365-389.
• San-Blas, E; Portillo, E; Nnermut, J; Ppuža, V; Morales, P. 2015b. Steinernema papillatum n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Venezuela. Nematology. 17:1081-1097.
• San-Blas, E; Morales-Montero, P; Portillo, E; Nermut, J; Puza, W. 2016. Steinernema goweni n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Zulia State, Venezuela. Zootaxa 4067 (2):200–214
• Sánchez, L. 2002. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HC1. Estrategia de desarrollo como agente de control biológico de plagas insectiles. Tesis de grado de Doctor en Ciencias Agrícolas. UNAH, La Habana, Cuba. 100 p.
• Siegel, S; Catellan, NJ. 2009. Estadística no paramétrica. México: Trillas. 435 p.
• Shapiro-Ilan, I; Brown, I; Lewis, E. 2014. Freezing and Desiccation Tolerance in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Diversity and Correlation of Traits. Journal of Nematology 46(1):27–34.
• Shapiro-Ilan, I; Hazir, S; Glazer, I. 2017. Basic and Applied Research: Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Chapter 6. In: Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests from Theory to Practice. Edited by Lawrence A. Lacey. Elsevier Inc. p: 91-105.
• Sharmila, R; Shanmuga P, R; Subramanian, S; Poornima, K; Pandiyan, M. 2018. Review on ecology of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 64:1086-1093.
• Valadas, V; Laranjo, M; Mota, M; Oliveira, S. 2014. A survey of entomopathogenic nematode species in continental Portugal. Journal of Helminthology 88(3):327-41.
• Woodring, JL; Kaya, HK. 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: A hand- book of biology and techniques. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayettesville, AR. 123 p.
• Yan, X; Waweru, B; Qiu, X; Hategekimana, A; Kajuga, J; Li, H; Edgington, S; Umulisa, C; Han, R; Toepfer, S. 2016. New entomopatho- genic nematodes from semi-natural and small- holder farming habitats of Rwanda, Biocontrol Science and Technology. 26(6):820-834.
• Zadji, L; Hugues, B; Baimey, L; Afouda, L; Houssou, FG; Waeyenberge, L; de Sutter, N; Moens, M; Decraemer, W. 2013. First record on the distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Southern Benin. Russian Journal of Nematology 21(2):117-130.
• Zepeda- Jazo, I; Molina- Ochoa, J; Lezama- Gutierrez, R; Skoda, S. 2014. Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes from the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Colima, México. International Journal of Tropical Insects Science 3 4:53-57.
Published
2018-12-29
How to Cite
Rosales, L. C., Crozzoli, R., San-Blas, E., Puente, L., Enrique, R., Hurtado, T., Sanoja, J. E., & Rodríguez H., M. G. (2018). Natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes present in soils of seven Venezuelan States. Agronomía Tropical, 68(3-4), 125-135. Retrieved from http://publicaciones.inia.gob.ve/index.php/agronomiatropical/article/view/476
Section
Original research article
Copyright (c) 2018 Ligia Carolina Rosales, Renato Crozzoli, Ernesto San-Blas, Liliana Puente, Roberto Enrique, Teida Hurtado, Julia Elena Sanoja, Mayra G. Rodríguez H.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
