Fijación de amonio en un suelo molisol cultivado con caña de azúcar en el valle del rio Yaracuy, Venezuela
Palabras clave:
amonificación, arcillas 2:1, montmorilonita, Saccharum officinarum L
Resumen
Se analizó la fijación de amonio (NH f) en los diferentes horizontes del perfil del suelo (0-200 cm), en un molisol localizado entre Farriar y Palmarejo, estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Suelo con abundante arcillas 2:1 (montmoriloni- ticas y muscoviticas) y cultivado con caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). También se estudiaron los cam- bios en NH f durante el transcurso del ciclo vegetativo (socas) de la plantación. El amonio fijado se determinó por el método clásico de Silva y Bremner. El suelo de la parcela experimental presentó un alto contenido de nitrógeno como amonio fijado. Este representa en el perfil entre 18-57% de NH f/N-total y está asociado a la presencia de minerales 2:1. La fijación de amonio ocurrió principalmente en la fracción limosa. Se encontró una alta relación positiva entre el porcentaje de limo y el NH f. La asociación del porcentaje de limo más arcilla fue alta, correla- ción que disminuyó con relación a la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y al contenido de materia orgánica; al contrario, no se encontró correlación con el porcentaje de arcilla. En la plantación, se registraron variaciones de la fracción de amonio fijado con el desarrollo del cultivo; asociadas a la aplicación de fertilizantes y a la intensidad de los procesos microbiológicos del suelo, particularmente la mineralización de N y la amonificación-nitrificación. El amonio fijado en este suelo actúa como un reservorio de nitrógeno, que se libera y se hace disponible en eta- pas de mayor requerimiento por el cultivo
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• Black, AS; Waring, SA. 1972. Ammonium fixation and availability in some cereal producing soils of Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research 10:197-207.
• Breitenbeck, GA; Paramasivam, S. 1995. Availability of 15N-labeled non-exchangeable ammonium to soil microorganisms. Soil Science 159:301-310.
• Buhyoff, JF; Rauscher, HM; Hull, RB; Killeen, K; Kirk, RC. 1982. Statistical processing system version 4.2 for Apple II+. User`s Manual U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service.115 pp.
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• Hesse, PR. 1971. Chemical Analysis. John Murray Publishers Ltd. 1st Edition. Pp. 520
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• Juma, NG; Paul, EA. 1983. Effect of a nitrification inhibitor on N immobilization and release of N from nonexchangeable ammonium and microbial biomass. Canadian Journal Soil Science 63(2):167-175.
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• Paramasivam, S; Breitenbeck, GA. 1994. Distribution of nitrogen in soils of the Southern Mississippi River alluvial plain. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25:247-267.
• Pla Sentís I. 1983. Metodología para la caracterización física con fines de diagnóstico de problemas de manejo y conservación de suelos en condiciones tropicales. Alcance Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. 32: 91.
• Rodríguez, G. 1954. Fixed ammonium in tropical soils. Journal Soil Science 5:264-274.
• Sánchez, CA. 1990. Soil-testing and fertilizer recommendations for crop production on organic soils in Florida. University of Florida Technical Bulletin. 376 p.
• Scherer, HW; Feils, E; Beuters, E. 2014. Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium. Plant Soil Environmental 60(7):325–331.
• Sequera, PE; López-Hernández, D; Medina, E. 1984. La producción de caña de azúcar en el Valle del Río Yaracuy. Caracas, EDICANPA. 135 p.
• Silva, JA; Bremner, JM. 1966. Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils. 5. Fixed ammonium. Soils Science Society of America. Proceedings.30:587-594.
• Stevenson, FJ. 1982. Organic forms of soil nitrogen. In: Humus Chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley & Sons. USA. pp. 55-81.
• Wehrmann, J; Eschenhoff, HCZ. 1986. Distribution of nitrate, exchangeable and nonexchangeable ammonium in the soil-root interface. Plant and Soil 91:421-424.
• Ajazi, A; Miho, L; Bani, A; Maçi, A. 2013. Effect of potassium on fixation of ammonium by clay minerals in different soil layers. The Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12(4):675-681.
• Banko, C. 2007. La industria azucarera en la región Centro Occidental. Mañongo. 29:283-304.
• Bernhard, A. 2010. The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):25.
• Black, AS; Waring, SA. 1972. Ammonium fixation and availability in some cereal producing soils of Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research 10:197-207.
• Breitenbeck, GA; Paramasivam, S. 1995. Availability of 15N-labeled non-exchangeable ammonium to soil microorganisms. Soil Science 159:301-310.
• Buhyoff, JF; Rauscher, HM; Hull, RB; Killeen, K; Kirk, RC. 1982. Statistical processing system version 4.2 for Apple II+. User`s Manual U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service.115 pp.
• Feigenbaum, S; Hadas, A; Sofer, M: Molina, JA. 1994. Clay-fixed labeled ammonium as a source of available nitrogen. Soil Science Society American Journal. 58:980-985.
• Hesse, PR. 1971. Chemical Analysis. John Murray Publishers Ltd. 1st Edition. Pp. 520
• Jensen, ES; Christensen, BT; Sorensen, LH. 1989. Mineral-fixed ammonium in clay- and silt-sized fractions of soils incubated with 15N- ammonium sulfate for five years. Biology and Fertility of Soils 8:298-302.
• Juma, NG; Paul, EA. 1983. Effect of a nitrification inhibitor on N immobilization and release of N from nonexchangeable ammonium and microbial biomass. Canadian Journal Soil Science 63(2):167-175.
• Kowalenko, CG; Cameron, DR. 1978. Nitrogen transformations in an incubated soil as affected by combinations of moisture and temperature and adsorption-fixation of ammonium. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 56:63-70.
• Kowalenko, CG; Ross, GJ. 1980. Studies on dynamics of recently clay-fixed NH + using N. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 60:61-70.
• Kuderayov, VN. 1981. Mobility of fixed ammonium in soil. In Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 281-290.
• López, C; Guevara, E. 2012. Determinación y evaluación de las arcillas expansivas y dispersivas en tres localidades al norte de Venezuela, estados Anzoátegui, Falcón y Miranda. (Tesis de pregrado). Ingeniería Geológica. Universidad Central de Venezuela. 120 p.
• López-Hernández, D. 2013. N biogeochemistry and cycling in two well-drained savannas: a comparison between the Orinoco Basin (Llanos-Venezuela) and Ivory Coast (Western-Africa). Chemistry & Ecology 29(3):280-295. DOI:10.1080/02757540.2012.744830.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C. 2016. N Cycle in a Venezuelan Sugarcane Plantation. How Biogeochemical Processes Contribute to Supply N Needs. ST Agri. Science 1:1003.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C; Medina, E. 2005. Balance de elementos en un agro- ecosistema de caña de azúcar: I. Balance de nitrógeno. Tropicultura 23:212-219.
• Longeri L; Vidal, I; Fernández, M. 2001. Fijación de amonio en seis suelos de la VIII Región de Chile. Agricultura Técnica 61 (2):180-191.
• Mariano, E; Ocheuze, PC; Leite, JM; Vieira, MX; Otto, R; Coutinho, JF. 2013. Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable ni- trogen in soils under sugarcane Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo 37:450-461.
• Mc Beth, IG. 1917. Fixation of ammonium in soils. Journal of Agricultural Research 9:141-155
• Mengel, K; Scherer, HW.1981. Release of non- exchangeable (fixed) soil ammonium under field conditions during the growing season. Soil Science 131:226-232.
• Mohammed, ICH. 1979. Fixed ammonium in Lybian soils and its availability to barley seedlings. Plant Soil 53:185-196.
• Moyano, A; Gallardo, JF. 1988. Fixed ammonium determination in some clay soils. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis 19:225-238.
• Nieder, R; Benbi. DK, Scherer, HW. 2011. Fixation and defixation of ammonium in soils: a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils.47: 1-14.
• Nommik, H. 1981. Fixation and biological availability of ammonium on soil clay minerals. In: Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 273-279.
• Nommik H; Vahtras, K. 1982. Retention and Fixation of Ammonium and Ammonia in Soils. Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils-Agronomy Monograph no. 22. ASA•CSSA•SSSA, Madison, USA. pp. 123-171.
• Opuwaribo, E; Odu, C. 1978. Ammonium fixation in Nigerian soils: 4. The effects of time, potassium, and wet and dry cycles on ammonium fixation. Soil Science 125 (3):137–145.
• Paramasivam, S; Breitenbeck, GA. 1994. Distribution of nitrogen in soils of the Southern Mississippi River alluvial plain. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25:247-267.
• Pla Sentís I. 1983. Metodología para la caracterización física con fines de diagnóstico de problemas de manejo y conservación de suelos en condiciones tropicales. Alcance Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. 32: 91.
• Rodríguez, G. 1954. Fixed ammonium in tropical soils. Journal Soil Science 5:264-274.
• Sánchez, CA. 1990. Soil-testing and fertilizer recommendations for crop production on organic soils in Florida. University of Florida Technical Bulletin. 376 p.
• Scherer, HW; Feils, E; Beuters, E. 2014. Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium. Plant Soil Environmental 60(7):325–331.
• Sequera, PE; López-Hernández, D; Medina, E. 1984. La producción de caña de azúcar en el Valle del Río Yaracuy. Caracas, EDICANPA. 135 p.
• Silva, JA; Bremner, JM. 1966. Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils. 5. Fixed ammonium. Soils Science Society of America. Proceedings.30:587-594.
• Stevenson, FJ. 1982. Organic forms of soil nitrogen. In: Humus Chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley & Sons. USA. pp. 55-81.
• Wehrmann, J; Eschenhoff, HCZ. 1986. Distribution of nitrate, exchangeable and nonexchangeable ammonium in the soil-root interface. Plant and Soil 91:421-424.
Publicado
2017-12-29
Cómo citar
López-Hernández, D., & Infante, C. (2017). Fijación de amonio en un suelo molisol cultivado con caña de azúcar en el valle del rio Yaracuy, Venezuela. Agronomía Tropical, 67(1-4), 152-160. Recuperado a partir de http://publicaciones.inia.gob.ve/index.php/agronomiatropical/article/view/150
Sección
Artículo original de investigación
