Fijación de amonio en un suelo molisol cultivado con caña de azúcar en el valle del rio Yaracuy, Venezuela
Resumo
Se analizó la fijación de amonio (NH f) en los diferentes horizontes del perfil del suelo (0-200 cm), en un molisol localizado entre Farriar y Palmarejo, estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Suelo con abundante arcillas 2:1 (montmoriloni- ticas y muscoviticas) y cultivado con caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). También se estudiaron los cam- bios en NH f durante el transcurso del ciclo vegetativo (socas) de la plantación. El amonio fijado se determinó por el método clásico de Silva y Bremner. El suelo de la parcela experimental presentó un alto contenido de nitrógeno como amonio fijado. Este representa en el perfil entre 18-57% de NH f/N-total y está asociado a la presencia de minerales 2:1. La fijación de amonio ocurrió principalmente en la fracción limosa. Se encontró una alta relación positiva entre el porcentaje de limo y el NH f. La asociación del porcentaje de limo más arcilla fue alta, correla- ción que disminuyó con relación a la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y al contenido de materia orgánica; al contrario, no se encontró correlación con el porcentaje de arcilla. En la plantación, se registraron variaciones de la fracción de amonio fijado con el desarrollo del cultivo; asociadas a la aplicación de fertilizantes y a la intensidad de los procesos microbiológicos del suelo, particularmente la mineralización de N y la amonificación-nitrificación. El amonio fijado en este suelo actúa como un reservorio de nitrógeno, que se libera y se hace disponible en eta- pas de mayor requerimiento por el cultivo
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Referências
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• Ajazi, A; Miho, L; Bani, A; Maçi, A. 2013. Effect of potassium on fixation of ammonium by clay minerals in different soil layers. The Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12(4):675-681.
• Banko, C. 2007. La industria azucarera en la región Centro Occidental. Mañongo. 29:283-304.
• Bernhard, A. 2010. The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):25.
• Black, AS; Waring, SA. 1972. Ammonium fixation and availability in some cereal producing soils of Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research 10:197-207.
• Breitenbeck, GA; Paramasivam, S. 1995. Availability of 15N-labeled non-exchangeable ammonium to soil microorganisms. Soil Science 159:301-310.
• Buhyoff, JF; Rauscher, HM; Hull, RB; Killeen, K; Kirk, RC. 1982. Statistical processing system version 4.2 for Apple II+. User`s Manual U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service.115 pp.
• Feigenbaum, S; Hadas, A; Sofer, M: Molina, JA. 1994. Clay-fixed labeled ammonium as a source of available nitrogen. Soil Science Society American Journal. 58:980-985.
• Hesse, PR. 1971. Chemical Analysis. John Murray Publishers Ltd. 1st Edition. Pp. 520
• Jensen, ES; Christensen, BT; Sorensen, LH. 1989. Mineral-fixed ammonium in clay- and silt-sized fractions of soils incubated with 15N- ammonium sulfate for five years. Biology and Fertility of Soils 8:298-302.
• Juma, NG; Paul, EA. 1983. Effect of a nitrification inhibitor on N immobilization and release of N from nonexchangeable ammonium and microbial biomass. Canadian Journal Soil Science 63(2):167-175.
• Kowalenko, CG; Cameron, DR. 1978. Nitrogen transformations in an incubated soil as affected by combinations of moisture and temperature and adsorption-fixation of ammonium. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 56:63-70.
• Kowalenko, CG; Ross, GJ. 1980. Studies on dynamics of recently clay-fixed NH + using N. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 60:61-70.
• Kuderayov, VN. 1981. Mobility of fixed ammonium in soil. In Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 281-290.
• López, C; Guevara, E. 2012. Determinación y evaluación de las arcillas expansivas y dispersivas en tres localidades al norte de Venezuela, estados Anzoátegui, Falcón y Miranda. (Tesis de pregrado). Ingeniería Geológica. Universidad Central de Venezuela. 120 p.
• López-Hernández, D. 2013. N biogeochemistry and cycling in two well-drained savannas: a comparison between the Orinoco Basin (Llanos-Venezuela) and Ivory Coast (Western-Africa). Chemistry & Ecology 29(3):280-295. DOI:10.1080/02757540.2012.744830.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C. 2016. N Cycle in a Venezuelan Sugarcane Plantation. How Biogeochemical Processes Contribute to Supply N Needs. ST Agri. Science 1:1003.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C; Medina, E. 2005. Balance de elementos en un agro- ecosistema de caña de azúcar: I. Balance de nitrógeno. Tropicultura 23:212-219.
• Longeri L; Vidal, I; Fernández, M. 2001. Fijación de amonio en seis suelos de la VIII Región de Chile. Agricultura Técnica 61 (2):180-191.
• Mariano, E; Ocheuze, PC; Leite, JM; Vieira, MX; Otto, R; Coutinho, JF. 2013. Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable ni- trogen in soils under sugarcane Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo 37:450-461.
• Mc Beth, IG. 1917. Fixation of ammonium in soils. Journal of Agricultural Research 9:141-155
• Mengel, K; Scherer, HW.1981. Release of non- exchangeable (fixed) soil ammonium under field conditions during the growing season. Soil Science 131:226-232.
• Mohammed, ICH. 1979. Fixed ammonium in Lybian soils and its availability to barley seedlings. Plant Soil 53:185-196.
• Moyano, A; Gallardo, JF. 1988. Fixed ammonium determination in some clay soils. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis 19:225-238.
• Nieder, R; Benbi. DK, Scherer, HW. 2011. Fixation and defixation of ammonium in soils: a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils.47: 1-14.
• Nommik, H. 1981. Fixation and biological availability of ammonium on soil clay minerals. In: Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 273-279.
• Nommik H; Vahtras, K. 1982. Retention and Fixation of Ammonium and Ammonia in Soils. Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils-Agronomy Monograph no. 22. ASA•CSSA•SSSA, Madison, USA. pp. 123-171.
• Opuwaribo, E; Odu, C. 1978. Ammonium fixation in Nigerian soils: 4. The effects of time, potassium, and wet and dry cycles on ammonium fixation. Soil Science 125 (3):137–145.
• Paramasivam, S; Breitenbeck, GA. 1994. Distribution of nitrogen in soils of the Southern Mississippi River alluvial plain. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25:247-267.
• Pla Sentís I. 1983. Metodología para la caracterización física con fines de diagnóstico de problemas de manejo y conservación de suelos en condiciones tropicales. Alcance Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. 32: 91.
• Rodríguez, G. 1954. Fixed ammonium in tropical soils. Journal Soil Science 5:264-274.
• Sánchez, CA. 1990. Soil-testing and fertilizer recommendations for crop production on organic soils in Florida. University of Florida Technical Bulletin. 376 p.
• Scherer, HW; Feils, E; Beuters, E. 2014. Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium. Plant Soil Environmental 60(7):325–331.
• Sequera, PE; López-Hernández, D; Medina, E. 1984. La producción de caña de azúcar en el Valle del Río Yaracuy. Caracas, EDICANPA. 135 p.
• Silva, JA; Bremner, JM. 1966. Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils. 5. Fixed ammonium. Soils Science Society of America. Proceedings.30:587-594.
• Stevenson, FJ. 1982. Organic forms of soil nitrogen. In: Humus Chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley & Sons. USA. pp. 55-81.
• Wehrmann, J; Eschenhoff, HCZ. 1986. Distribution of nitrate, exchangeable and nonexchangeable ammonium in the soil-root interface. Plant and Soil 91:421-424.
• Ajazi, A; Miho, L; Bani, A; Maçi, A. 2013. Effect of potassium on fixation of ammonium by clay minerals in different soil layers. The Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12(4):675-681.
• Banko, C. 2007. La industria azucarera en la región Centro Occidental. Mañongo. 29:283-304.
• Bernhard, A. 2010. The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):25.
• Black, AS; Waring, SA. 1972. Ammonium fixation and availability in some cereal producing soils of Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research 10:197-207.
• Breitenbeck, GA; Paramasivam, S. 1995. Availability of 15N-labeled non-exchangeable ammonium to soil microorganisms. Soil Science 159:301-310.
• Buhyoff, JF; Rauscher, HM; Hull, RB; Killeen, K; Kirk, RC. 1982. Statistical processing system version 4.2 for Apple II+. User`s Manual U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service.115 pp.
• Feigenbaum, S; Hadas, A; Sofer, M: Molina, JA. 1994. Clay-fixed labeled ammonium as a source of available nitrogen. Soil Science Society American Journal. 58:980-985.
• Hesse, PR. 1971. Chemical Analysis. John Murray Publishers Ltd. 1st Edition. Pp. 520
• Jensen, ES; Christensen, BT; Sorensen, LH. 1989. Mineral-fixed ammonium in clay- and silt-sized fractions of soils incubated with 15N- ammonium sulfate for five years. Biology and Fertility of Soils 8:298-302.
• Juma, NG; Paul, EA. 1983. Effect of a nitrification inhibitor on N immobilization and release of N from nonexchangeable ammonium and microbial biomass. Canadian Journal Soil Science 63(2):167-175.
• Kowalenko, CG; Cameron, DR. 1978. Nitrogen transformations in an incubated soil as affected by combinations of moisture and temperature and adsorption-fixation of ammonium. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 56:63-70.
• Kowalenko, CG; Ross, GJ. 1980. Studies on dynamics of recently clay-fixed NH + using N. Canadian Journal Soil Science. 60:61-70.
• Kuderayov, VN. 1981. Mobility of fixed ammonium in soil. In Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 281-290.
• López, C; Guevara, E. 2012. Determinación y evaluación de las arcillas expansivas y dispersivas en tres localidades al norte de Venezuela, estados Anzoátegui, Falcón y Miranda. (Tesis de pregrado). Ingeniería Geológica. Universidad Central de Venezuela. 120 p.
• López-Hernández, D. 2013. N biogeochemistry and cycling in two well-drained savannas: a comparison between the Orinoco Basin (Llanos-Venezuela) and Ivory Coast (Western-Africa). Chemistry & Ecology 29(3):280-295. DOI:10.1080/02757540.2012.744830.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C. 2016. N Cycle in a Venezuelan Sugarcane Plantation. How Biogeochemical Processes Contribute to Supply N Needs. ST Agri. Science 1:1003.
• López-Hernández, D; Infante, C; Medina, E. 2005. Balance de elementos en un agro- ecosistema de caña de azúcar: I. Balance de nitrógeno. Tropicultura 23:212-219.
• Longeri L; Vidal, I; Fernández, M. 2001. Fijación de amonio en seis suelos de la VIII Región de Chile. Agricultura Técnica 61 (2):180-191.
• Mariano, E; Ocheuze, PC; Leite, JM; Vieira, MX; Otto, R; Coutinho, JF. 2013. Incubation methods for assessing mineralizable ni- trogen in soils under sugarcane Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo 37:450-461.
• Mc Beth, IG. 1917. Fixation of ammonium in soils. Journal of Agricultural Research 9:141-155
• Mengel, K; Scherer, HW.1981. Release of non- exchangeable (fixed) soil ammonium under field conditions during the growing season. Soil Science 131:226-232.
• Mohammed, ICH. 1979. Fixed ammonium in Lybian soils and its availability to barley seedlings. Plant Soil 53:185-196.
• Moyano, A; Gallardo, JF. 1988. Fixed ammonium determination in some clay soils. Communications in soil Science and Plant Analysis 19:225-238.
• Nieder, R; Benbi. DK, Scherer, HW. 2011. Fixation and defixation of ammonium in soils: a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils.47: 1-14.
• Nommik, H. 1981. Fixation and biological availability of ammonium on soil clay minerals. In: Clark P. E. and T. Rosswall (Eds). Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles. Ecological Bulletins Nº 33. pp. 273-279.
• Nommik H; Vahtras, K. 1982. Retention and Fixation of Ammonium and Ammonia in Soils. Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils-Agronomy Monograph no. 22. ASA•CSSA•SSSA, Madison, USA. pp. 123-171.
• Opuwaribo, E; Odu, C. 1978. Ammonium fixation in Nigerian soils: 4. The effects of time, potassium, and wet and dry cycles on ammonium fixation. Soil Science 125 (3):137–145.
• Paramasivam, S; Breitenbeck, GA. 1994. Distribution of nitrogen in soils of the Southern Mississippi River alluvial plain. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25:247-267.
• Pla Sentís I. 1983. Metodología para la caracterización física con fines de diagnóstico de problemas de manejo y conservación de suelos en condiciones tropicales. Alcance Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay. 32: 91.
• Rodríguez, G. 1954. Fixed ammonium in tropical soils. Journal Soil Science 5:264-274.
• Sánchez, CA. 1990. Soil-testing and fertilizer recommendations for crop production on organic soils in Florida. University of Florida Technical Bulletin. 376 p.
• Scherer, HW; Feils, E; Beuters, E. 2014. Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium. Plant Soil Environmental 60(7):325–331.
• Sequera, PE; López-Hernández, D; Medina, E. 1984. La producción de caña de azúcar en el Valle del Río Yaracuy. Caracas, EDICANPA. 135 p.
• Silva, JA; Bremner, JM. 1966. Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils. 5. Fixed ammonium. Soils Science Society of America. Proceedings.30:587-594.
• Stevenson, FJ. 1982. Organic forms of soil nitrogen. In: Humus Chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley & Sons. USA. pp. 55-81.
• Wehrmann, J; Eschenhoff, HCZ. 1986. Distribution of nitrate, exchangeable and nonexchangeable ammonium in the soil-root interface. Plant and Soil 91:421-424.
Publicado
2017-12-29
Como Citar
López-Hernández, D., & Infante, C. (2017). Fijación de amonio en un suelo molisol cultivado con caña de azúcar en el valle del rio Yaracuy, Venezuela. Agronomía Tropical, 67(1-4), 152-160. Recuperado de http://publicaciones.inia.gob.ve/index.php/agronomiatropical/article/view/150
Seção
Artigo de pesquisa original
